DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

  COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a branch of fluid mechanics that uses numerical methods and algorithms to analyze and solve problems involving fluid flows. By simulating the behaviour of liquids and gases, CFD enables engineers and scientists to study complex fluid dynamics phenomena without the need for expensive and time-consuming physical experiments. It is widely used in industries such as aerospace, automotive, energy, and biomedical engineering. Key Concepts in CFD Governing Equations:    CFD relies on solving the fundamental equations of fluid dynamics: Navier-Stokes Equations: Describe the motion of viscous fluids. Continuity Equation: Ensures mass conservation. Energy Equation: Accounts for heat transfer and thermodynamics. Discretization:    The fluid domain is divided into a finite number of small cells or elements (a process called meshing). The governing equations are then solved numerically ...

    Digital manufacturing refers to the use of an integrated, computer-based system comprised of simulation, 3D visualization, analytics, and collaboration tools to create product and manufacturing process definitions simultaneously. This approach leverages digital technologies to improve the efficiency, flexibility, and quality of manufacturing processes. Here are some key components and concepts related to digital manufacturing: Computer-Aided Design (CAD): Software used to create precise drawings and models of products. Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM): Software that uses CAD drawings to control machinery and automate the manufacturing process. Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE): Software used to simulate and analyze the performance of products and processes. Digital Twin: A virtual model of a physical product or process used to simulate and predict performance. Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing): A process of creating objects by adding material layer by ...

In any automobile, the engine generates a significant amount of heat during operation. If not controlled properly, this heat can lead to overheating, engine failure, or reduced performance. That’s where the cooling system comes into play.                   🚗 Why Is a Cooling System Important? During combustion, the temperature inside an engine can reach over 2000°C . A proper cooling system: Prevents engine overheating Maintains optimal operating temperature (~90°C) Improves engine performance and fuel efficiency Increases engine lifespan Reduces emission levels 🧊 Types of Cooling Systems in Automobiles Automobile cooling systems are broadly classified into two types : 1. Air-Cooled System Used in two-wheelers, small engines, and older cars. Heat is dissipated into the air via fins on the engine surface. No coolant or radiator is used. Advantages: Simpler design Lightweight Requires less maintenance Disadvantages: Less efficient in extreme...

INDUSTRY 5.O Industry 5.0 represents the next evolution in industrial development, building on the advancements of **Industry 4.0** (which focused on automation, data exchange, and smart technologies). Industry 5.0 emphasizes **human-centricity**, **sustainability**, and **resilience**, integrating advanced technologies with human creativity and collaboration. It aims to create a more personalized, inclusive, and sustainable industrial ecosystem. **Core Principles of Industry 5.0** 1. **Human-Centric Approach**:    - Focuses on collaboration between humans and advanced technologies like robots and AI.    - Enhances the role of human creativity, intuition, and decision-making in manufacturing and other industries.    - Aims to improve the quality of work and create more meaningful jobs. 2. **Sustainability**:    - Prioritizes eco-friendly practices, circular economy principles, and reducing environmental impact.    - E...