DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Electric Vehicles: Layout, Construction, and Working Electric vehicles (EVs) have transformed personal transport with zero tailpipe emissions and advanced electric drivetrains. While they look similar to conventional cars from the outside, their internal structure is fundamentally different. Layout and Key Components Battery Pack: The heart of the EV, the battery pack stores electricity. Modern EVs typically use lithium-ion cells for their high energy density and long life. Electric Motor: Converts electrical energy into mechanical motion to propel the vehicle. Most EVs use one or more permanent magnet or induction motors. Power Electronics Controller: Manages power flow between the battery and motor, controlling speed and performance. Onboard Charger: Converts AC electricity from charging stations to DC for the battery pack. Transmission: Most EVs use a single-speed transmission because electric motors deliver consistent torque across a wide speed range. Auxi...

  Limit System: The Foundation of Dimension Control Basic Size : This is the principal or nominal dimension from which variations are specified. For example, if you design a shaft to be Ø20mm, 20mm is your basic size. Design Size : The size actually used in design, which may or may not match the basic size, depending on system and context. Actual Size : The measured size of the finished part after manufacturing. Tolerance : The difference between the upper and lower permissible limits. If a shaft is allowed to be between 19.8mm and 20.2mm, the tolerance is 0.4mm. Limits : The two extreme permissible sizes (upper limit and lower limit) of a part. For a shaft, upper limit = basic size + tolerance, lower limit = basic size – tolerance. Deviation : The difference between the actual size and the basic size.  Actual deviation  is the measured deviation,  upper deviation  is the difference between upper limit and basic size, and  lower deviation  is the diffe...