Autonomous Vehicle (NJK)
Autonomous Vehicle What is an Autonomous Vehicle? An autonomous vehicle (self-driving car) is a vehicle that can sense its environment and drive itself with little or no human input. It uses sensors (cameras, LiDAR, radar), computers, and control systems to perceive the road, plan a path, and control steering, braking, and acceleration. Levels of autonomy (SAE J3016 standard): Level 0: No automation (driver does everything). Level 1–2: Driver assistance (e.g., cruise control, lane keeping). Level 3–5: Conditional to full autonomy (car can drive in some/all conditions). For mechanical engineers, the real challenge lies in Levels 3–5, where the car must handle complex situations safely without human help. Key Mechanical Systems in Autonomous Cars 1. Sensor Integration and Mounting Autonomous cars are covered with sensors: cameras, radar, ultrasonic sensors, and LiDAR. These are the “eyes” of the car, and their mechanical design is critical. Housings and enclosures : Sensors must be...