Importance of Modulus of elasticity in Construction:



It is highly crucial to define modulus of elasticity of concrete in the design of concrete structure. Linear analysis of elements, which is based on the theory of elasticity, is used to satisfy requirements of both ultimate and serviceability limit state for instance in the case of pre-stressed concrete that demonstrate un-cracked section up to the failure. In addition to compute deflections which are required to be limited under the serviceability requirements in all structures. Finally, knowledge of the modulus of elasticity of high strength concrete is very important in avoiding excessive deformation providing satisfactory serviceability and avoiding the most cost-effective designs.

 https://youtu.be/L4lZT_uNoKM

Why I-shaped beams are used in Railway tracks? 

Generally rail tracks are made in 'I' Section. We might wonder many times that why any other shape is not used, We might also wonder, why solid section is not used? Well here is the answer. Upper half of the track should be wide enough to support the wheel and lower half should be wide & thick enough for clamping. Taking out extra materials saves significant amount of iron without compromising over strength thus giving it the shape of 'I'. Rail needs to be stiff in the vertical direction to take the load of the train. It needs to be relatively flexible in the horizontal direction so it can easily bend around curves. So material is reduced at the center to allow a bit of flexibility. The below diagram shows the cross section of the modern rail track.



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