Thermal Power Plant

 

Thermal Power Plant

Thermal Power Plant is an electric producing power plant in which fuel (such as coal, liquefied fuel, uranium, and natural resources) is used to generate heat and that heat is further utilized to heat the water to make steam and that steam is used to rotate the turbine and further electricity generates with the help of 3 phase supply generator.

The construction of Thermal Power Plants is Coal Storage, Coal Handling, Boiler, Boiler feed Pump, Superheater, Economiser, Air Preheater, Ash handling and Storage, Feed Water, Turbine, Generator, and 3 Phase Supply, Condenser, Low and High-pressure heater, River.

It is the most common source of energy that is being used since industrialization. The modern steam boiler burns coal mainly as the primary fuel in any of its available forms. Different ranks of coal available are peat, lignite, bituminous, and anthracite.

Coal Storage and Handling Plant:

As name suggest storage and handing it means that the coal is stored in the storage and as per the demand it supply to the next.

Boiler is a closed vessel in which fuel burn and produces flue gases that flue gases is further used to heat the water to make steam.

There are two main types of boiler: Fire Tube boiler and Water Tube boiler.

Boiler Feed Pump:

The feed water is supply to next accessories by the boiler feed pump.

Super heater:

Name itself indicates that it increases the temperature of any substances. Super heater is a external system which helps to increases the temperature of substances and to improve boiler efficiency.

Economizer:

It is also used here to preheat the fluid. It helps to increase boiler efficiency.

Air Preheater:

The work is same as an economiser.

Turbine:

Here some baldes are attached. The amount of steam generated from the boiler will strike the blades and balde will rotates hence PE is converted into KE and then It attached to generator.

Generator:

Generator used for generating electricty with the help of turbine.

Condenser:

Some amount of wet steam that is not used will come to condenser and the further cycle repeats.

The main function of condenser is to condense the fluid from gaseous state to liquid state.

Ash Handling and Storage:

After burning of coal it is in the form of Ash, which is being stored and release to the field.

Now let’s study working,

Thermal Power Plant Working:

As you can see the above diagram is general layout of Thermal Power Plant. The coal is inserted into coal storage. Here coal is being crushed and send to the boiler.

In the boiler there is feed water supplied through economizer. Coal is being heated here it produces flue gases, that flue gases is used to heat the feed water to make change the phase of water into steam.

From the boiler the coal which is burnt and becomes ashes will now send to the ash handling plant and further ash storage.

The steam generated in the boiler is now sends to the superheater here it again gets heated at high temperature to becoame only steam. This steam is now send the the turbine.

In turbine there is blades are attached. The tubine further attached to the generator for generation of electricity.

Now the steam strikes to the turbine blades, the turbine blades starts rotating [PE is converted into KE and further used for generation of electricity]

Here some amount of steam which is not used will now come to the condenser and here it looses his heating properties. Now again with water it sends to the economizer for repeation process.

https://youtu.be/IdPTuwKEfmA

Thermal Power Plant Site Selection:

• Availability of Coal
• Transportation facilities
• Availability of land
• Supply of water 
• Availability of labors
• Geology and soil type
• Distance from populated area