Differences between Francis and Kaplan Turbine

 

Differences between Francis and Kaplan Turbine

The Francis turbine is a type of water turbine. It is an inward-flow reaction turbine that combines radial and axial flow concepts.

The Kaplan turbine is a propeller-type water turbine that has adjustable blades. It combines automatically adjusted propeller blades with automatically adjusted wicket gates to achieve efficiency over a wide range of flow and water levels.

The tabular form gives a comparison between Francis and Kaplan turbines below.

S.no
Francis Turbine
Kaplan Turbine
1Francis turbine is a mixed flow turbine.The Kaplan turbine is a purely axial flow turbine.
2Francis turbine has a large number of blades in the runner and it varies from 16 to 24.Kaplan turbine has a small number of blades in the runner and it varies from 3 to 8.
3The runner blades are not adjustable.The runner blades are adjustable.
4The disposition of the shaft may be horizontal or vertical.The disposition of the shaft is always vertical.
5Francis turbine is a medium head turbine and the head varies between 60 m to 250 m.Kaplan turbine is a low head turbine capable of working under the head less than 60 m.
6Francis turbine works under medium discharge.Kaplan turbine works under high discharge.
7Francis turbine specific speed varies from 50 to 255.Kaplan turbine specific speed varies from 255 to 860.
8Resistance is significant due to many vanes and the greater area of contact with water.Resistance to overcome is less due to fewer vanes and less contact area.
9The ordinary governor is used for his governing.The heavy-duty governor is used for its governing.
10For the same power, it is less compact.For the same power, it is more compact.

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