DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

                    Water Jet Machining (WJM) In  Water Jet Machining (WJM)  process, water jets alone (without abrasives) can be used for cutting. Thin jets of high pressure and high velocity have been used to cut materials such as wood, coal, textiles, rocks, concrete, asbestos. The mechanism of material removal rate is by erosion. When a high-pressure water jet emerges from a nozzle, it attains considerable kinetic energy. A high-velocity jet strikes the workpiece, its kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy, including high stresses in the work material. When the induced stress exceeds the ultimate shear stress of the material, rupture takes place. Schematic illustration of water jet machining Characteristics of Water Jet Machining: The pressures generally used in WJM are 1500 to 4000 MPa. The nozzle is made of sintered diamond and the exit nozzle is about 0.05 to 0.35 mm in diameter. There are no moving p...

 

Application Areas of Fluid Mechanics Fluid mechanics is widely used both in everyday activities and in the design of modern engineering systems, from vacuum cleaners to supersonic aircraft. To begin with, fluid mechanics plays a vital role in the human body. The heart is constantly pumping blood to all parts of the human body through the arteries and veins, and the lungs are the sites of airflow in alternating directions. All artificial hearts, breathing machines, and dialysis systems are designed using fluid dynamics. An ordinary house is, in some respects, an exhibition hall filled with applications of fluid mechanics. The piping systems for cold water, natural gas and sewage for an individual house and the entire city are designed primarily on fluid mechanics. The same is true for the piping and ducting network of heating and air-conditioning systems. A refrigerator involves tubes through which the refrigerant flows, a compressor that pressurizes the refrigerant, and two heat exchan...

                                                     AIRCRAFT BASIC CONSTRUCTION   INTRODUCTION Naval aircraft are built to meet certain specified requirements. These requirements must be selected so they can be built into one aircraft. It is not possible for one aircraft to possess all characteristics; just as it isn't possible for an aircraft to have the comfort of a passenger transport and the maneuverability of a fighter. The type and class of the aircraft determine how strong it must be built. A Navy fighter must be fast, maneuverable, and equipped for attack and defense. To meet these requirements, the aircraft is highly powered and has a very strong structure. The airframe of a fixed-wing aircraft consists of the following five major units: 1.     ...

Green sand moulding  A green sand mould is composed of a mixture of sand (silica sand SiO2), clay (act as binder), and water. The word green is associated with the condition of wetness or freshness and because the mould is left in the damp condition, hence the name “green sand mould”. This type of mould is the cheapest and has the advantage that used sand is readily reclaimed. But the mould being in the damp condition, is weak and cannot be stored for a longer period. Hence such moulds are used for small and medium sized casting. Open-sand method Bedded-in-method Turn-over method Open-sand Method It is simplest form of green sand moulding, particularly suitable for solid patterns. For convenience in working and pouring, the entire mould is made in the foundry floor or in a bed of sand above floor level. Moulding box is not necessary and the upper surface of the mould is open to air. After proper levelling the pattern is pressed in the sand bed for making mould. Pouring basin is mad...

Introduction to Foundry  In simplified terms, a foundry is a factory where castings are produced by melting metal, pouring liquid metal into a mold, then allowing it to solidify. Even if you have never been to a foundry, or even know what one looks like, you are surrounded by the metal castings they produce. There is a good chance that you are reading this less than 10 feet away from one. Foundries don’t just produce metal products for engine, railroad, or pipe components. They also form components for machines that are required to make many of the essential consumer products we depend on. 90 percent of all manufactured goods rely on metal castings. The Casting Process In order to understand a foundry, you need to understand the casting process. The general steps involved in casting are patternmaking, molding, melting, pouring, ejection, cleaning, fettling, and inspection. The final casting shape corresponds with the mold it is poured into, so molds are carefully shaped w...

 INTRODUCTION:                                    The application of technology, programs, robotics or  processes to achieve outcomes with minimal human input .     There are four types of automation systems:       fixed automation,       programmable automation,       flexible automation       and integrated automation . Why is automation used:                Advantages commonly attributed to automation include higher production rates and increased productivity,  more  efficient use of materials, better product quality, improved  safety, shorter workweeks for labour, and reduced factory  lead times . EXAMPLES OF AUTOMATION IN REAL LIFE: Automobile. Kitchen Tools. Consumer Electronics. FASTags. Power Backup Devices. Arms ...

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  LIGHT WAVE MICROMETER          Light waves have different forms:  radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays . Sunlight is a source of visible light and ultraviolet radiation. USED FIELED        In addition to photography, the application of light waves extends to many other areas. For example, light waves are  used in medical imaging technologies, such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans . They are also used in laser surgery, where a concentrated beam of light is used to remove or reshape tissue.