Heat Treatment

Heat Treatment

• process of controlled heating and cooling of metals 

• Alter their physical and mechanical properties

 • without changing the product shape

 • sometimes takes place inadvertently due to manufacturing processes that either heat or cool the metal such as welding or forming

DEFINATION: A combination of heating & cooling operation timed & applied to a metal or alloy in the solid state in a way that will produce desired properties.- Metal Hand Book (ASM)

• Often associated with increasing the strength of material

• Can also be used to obtain certain manufacturing objectives like – To improve machining & formability, – To restore ductility – To recover grain size etc. – Known as Process Heat Treatment

• Heat treatment done for one of the following objective:

 –Hardening. 

– Softening.

– Property modification.

Heat treatment applied materials

• Hardening heat treatments particularly suitable for Steels – Many phase transformation involved even in plain carbon steel and low-alloy steel.

 • Other type of heat treatments equally applicable to ferrous & non-ferrous

Hardening Heat Treatment 

• Hardening of steels is done to increase the strength and wear properties. 

• Hardening (Quenching followed by Tempering) is intended for improving the mechanical properties of steel. 

• Generally increases hardness at the cost of toughness

Tempering

 • Tempering means subsequent heating – to a specific intermediate temperature – and holding for specific time

 • Tempering leads to the decomposition of martensite into ferrite-cementite mixture – Strongly affects all properties of steel.

 • At low tempering temperature (up to 2000C or 2500C), – Hardness changes only to a small extent – True tensile strength increases – Bending strength increases 

Quenching Media

 • Quenching media with increased degree of severity of quenching 

–Normal Cooling 

– Forced Air or draft cooling 

–Oil 

– Polymer 

–Water and 

– Brine

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