Cylindrical Grinding Machine

Cylindrical Grinding Machine 

Cylindrical grinding machines excel at achieving precise and intricate surface finishes on a range of materials, including aluminium, carbide, steel, and various metals. They are particularly suited for shaping cylindrical surfaces, rods, and similar workpieces. Positioned between two centers, the cylindrical workpiece rotates in one direction while the grinding wheel approaches from the opposite direction.

cylindrical-grinding-machine

Fig 1: Cylindrical Grinding machine

The operation of a cylindrical grinder closely resembles that of a lathe machine, with the key distinction being the use of a grinding wheel instead of stationary cutting equipment. Cylindrical grinders are employed for materials with a central axis of rotation, such as crankshafts.


There are following parts are used:

  • Base
  • Wheel Head
  • Cross Feed Hand Wheel
  • Working Table
  • Table Traverse Hand Wheel
  • Headstock
  • Chuck
  • Belt Pulley
  • Foot-stock

These parts are discussed elaborately as follows:

Base

The base, a substantial component, forms the machine's foundation, imparting stability and structural integrity to the entire apparatus.

Wheel Head

Mounted on the cross slide, the wheel head facilitates vertical movement to control the depth of the cut. This can be adjusted either manually via the cross-feed handwheel or through a power source.

Cross-Feed Hand Wheel

The cross-feed hand wheel is employed to position the wheel head, determining the depth of cut in the workpiece.

Working Table

Sitting on guideways that enable longitudinal reciprocation, the working table can be shifted using the table traverse handwheel or powered mechanisms. Trip dogs are thoughtfully arranged on the table to regulate their reciprocating motion.

Table Traverse Hand Wheel

Utilised for longitudinal movement of the table, the table traverse handwheel facilitates back-and-forth motion.

Headstock

Positioned on the left end of the table, the headstock houses a motor to drive the workpiece. It supports the workpiece through a center, and a carrier or dog facilitates the job.

Chuck

The chuck is a pivotal work-holding device affixed to the headstock, instrumental in securely gripping the workpiece during grinding operations.

Belt Pulley

A belt pulley is deployed for transferring rotational motion from one rotating pulley to another.

Footstock

Mounted on the right end of the table, the footstock can be adjusted and locked at varying positions along the table, accommodating workpieces of diverse lengths. Its center plays a crucial role in supporting the workpiece.


Working Principle of Cylindrical Grinding Machine

In a typical Cylindrical Grinding Machine, the workpiece undergoes rotation along its axis, supported by two centers. The high-speed rotation of the grinding wheel serves to grind both centers on the workpiece's axis, resulting in the creation of a polished and even surface.

A cylindrical grinder comprises four essential components:

  • Headstock and tailstock
  • Grinding wheel
  • Wheel head
  • Table

The workpiece is securely held between the headstock and tailstock, with rapid rotation between these centers. The grinding wheel, responsible for the actual grinding, rotates in the opposite direction at variable speeds relative to the workpiece and is affixed to the wheel head. This wheel head facilitates various grinding patterns, including plunge and traverse movements. Simultaneously, the table undergoes lateral motion.

Types of Cylindrical Grinding Machine

The various types of Cylindrical Grinding machines are:

  • External Cylindrical Grinder
  • Internal Cylindrical Grinder
  • Universal Cylindrical Grinder
  • Centerless Cylindrical Grinder

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