Introduction to various hybrid drive-train topologies

 Introduction to various hybrid drive-train topologies

SERIES CONFIGURATION HEVS


Series drivetrains are the simplest hybrid configuration. In a series hybrid, the electric motor is the only means of providing power to the wheels. The motor receives electric power from either the battery pack or from a generator run by a gasoline engine. Computer determines how much of the power comes from the battery or the engine/generator. Both the engine/generator and the use of regenerative braking recharge the battery pack. 


Series hybrids perform at their best during stop-and-go traffic, where gasoline and diesel engines are inefficient. The vehicle’s computer can opt to power the motor with the battery pack only, saving the engine for situations where it’s more efficient. 


The engine is typically smaller in a series drivetrain because it only has to meet certain power demands; the battery pack is generally more powerful than the one in parallel hybrids in order to provide the remaining power needs. This larger battery and motor, along with the generator, add to the vehicle’s cost, making series hybrids more expensive than parallel hybrids.


PARALLEL CONFIGURATION HEVS

Parallel hybrid systems have both an internal combustion engine (ICE) and an electric motor in parallel connected to a mechanical transmission. Most designs combine a large electrical generator and a motor into one unit, often located between the combustion engine and the transmission, replacing both the conventional starter motor and the alternator.


The battery can be recharged during regenerative braking, and during cruising(when the ICE power is higher than the required power for propulsion). As there is a fixed mechanical link between the wheels and the motor (no clutch), the battery cannot be charged when the car isn’t moving.

Parallel EHV ConfigurationWorking Diagram
Series- Parallel configuration HEVsConstruction

Series hybrid is a simple configuration, shown in figure below. The ICEusedtogenerate electricity in a generator. Electric power produced by the generator goes to either the motor or the energy storage systems (ESS). The hybrid power summed at an electrical node, themotor. The latest replenishment of the hybrid vehicle, several automotiveOEMsrevealed the chance of development of SHEV. Some of the most known are the Mitsubishi ESR, Volvo ECC, and BMW3 Series. The series hybrid configuration has an affinity for high efficiency top engine operation.


Working


The regenerative braking assistances from the full-size motor. The Cost and weight of the vehicles are more because of the large size of the engine and the need of two electric machines. The series architecture is presumed to be more appropriate for vehicles used in cities/towns with quickly varying requirements of speed. SHEV can also be implemented in large vehicles, where the lower efficiency of both ICE and the mechanical transmission makes it much more convenient for electric propulsion.




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