Laser Telemetric System (Metrology)

 Laser Telemetric System (Metrology)

A laser telemetric system (LTS) is a non-contact gauge that uses a collimated laser beam to measure things. It comprises three parts: a transmitter, a receiver, and processor electronics. The LTS can scan at a rate of 150 scans per second.


Here are some examples of how LTS can be used: 

Industrial in-process measurement

A scanning laser-based measurement system can be used for industrial in-process measurement. 

Vehicle monitoring

An LTS can use an ultrashort fiber laser or a fiber-couple diode laser to monitor targets over large distances, angles, and color intervals. 

Scanning laser gauge

A scanning laser gauge can be used to measure objects with a diameter of 0.05 mm to 450 mm. It works by passing a thin band of laser light through a linear scanner lens to create a parallel beam. When an object is placed in the parallel beam, it casts a shadow that depends on time. The receiver then detects the light and the microprocessor processes the signal to display the dimension based on the time difference between the shadow's edges. 

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor Pinout

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor Pinout

The sensor has 4 pins. 5volts is supplied to the VCC pin and GND is connected to the GND of Arduino. There are two other pins called TRIG and ECHO pins. The Trig pin transmits an ultrasonic wave and the ECHO pin receives the reflected signal from the object.

 

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor Datasheet

Model No.

HC-SR04

Working Voltage

5v

Working Current

15mA

Working Frequency

40Hz

Max Range

4m

Min Range

2cm

Measuring Angle

15 degree

 

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor Working

Ultrasonic sensors work on the principle that it emits waves at a higher frequency that cannot be heard by humans. Then sensor waits for the wave to be reflected and calculates the distance of how far is the object when in front of the sensor. The practical Distance that can be measured is 2cm to 80cm but theoretically, it is mentioned that the distance can be up to 400 cm.

Ultrasonic Sensor Working

 

Components Required for Distance Measuring LED Notifier 

 

Software Required

  • Arduino IDE

 

Circuit Diagram for Distance Measuring LED Notifier

Circuit Diagram for Distance Measuring LED Notifier

                                 

 

Arduino Code for Distance Measuring LED Notifier

The below code is to check whether the ultrasonic sensor is measuring the distance properly. We can monitor this with the help of a serial monitor on Arduino IDE software. Upload the code and check the serial monitor. It must be showing measuring distance in form of digits.

const int trig = 12;

const int echo = 13;

int duration = 0;

int distance = 0;

void setup() {

  pinMode(trig , OUTPUT);

  pinMode(echo , INPUT);

  Serial.begin(9600);

} 

void loop() {

  digitalWrite(trig , HIGH);

  delayMicroseconds(1000);

  digitalWrite(trig , LOW);

  duration = pulseIn(echo , HIGH);

  distance = (duration/2) / 29.1 ;

  Serial.println(distance);

}

The code below is a complete code for measuring the distance and being notified by LEDs. We are getting the output from pins no 2 to 8 of the Arduino Board which is then connected to LEDs.

const int trig = 12;

const int echo = 13;

const int LED1 = 8;

const int LED2 = 7;

const int LED3 = 6;

const int LED4 = 5;

const int LED5 = 4;

const int LED6 = 3;

const int LED7 = 2;

int duration = 0;

int distance = 0;

void setup() {

  pinMode(trig , OUTPUT);

  pinMode(echo , INPUT);

  pinMode(LED1 , OUTPUT);

  pinMode(LED2 , OUTPUT);

  pinMode(LED3 , OUTPUT);

  pinMode(LED4 , OUTPUT);

  pinMode(LED5 , OUTPUT);

  pinMode(LED6 , OUTPUT);

  pinMode(LED7 , OUTPUT);

  Serial.begin(9600);

} 

void loop() {

  digitalWrite(trig , HIGH);

  delayMicroseconds(1000);

  digitalWrite(trig , LOW);

  duration = pulseIn(echo , HIGH);

  distance = (duration/2) / 28.5 ;

  Serial.println(distance);

  if ( distance <= 7 )  {

    digitalWrite(LED1, HIGH);

  }

  else {

    digitalWrite(LED1, LOW);

  }

  if ( distance <= 14 ) {

    digitalWrite(LED2, HIGH);

  }

  else {

    digitalWrite(LED2, LOW);

  }

  if ( distance <= 21 ) {

    digitalWrite(LED3, HIGH);

  }

  else {

    digitalWrite(LED3, LOW);

  }

  if ( distance <= 28 ) {

    digitalWrite(LED4, HIGH);

  }

  else {

    digitalWrite(LED4, LOW);

  }

  if ( distance <= 35 ) {

    digitalWrite(LED5, HIGH);

  }

  else {

    digitalWrite(LED5, LOW);

  }

  if ( distance <= 42 ) {

    digitalWrite(LED6, HIGH);

  }

  else {

    digitalWrite(LED6, LOW);

  }

  if ( distance <= 45 ) {

    digitalWrite(LED7, HIGH);

  }

  else {

    digitalWrite(LED7, LOW);

  }

}


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