Lubrication system

 

Lubrication System:

 

Parts require lubrications Crankshaft bearing Piston pin Timing gears Valve mechanism Piston ring and cylinder walls Camshaft and bearings.

 

Purpose of lubrication:

 Reduce friction & wear - by creating a thin film (Clearance) between moving parts

 

 Seal power - The oil helps form a gastight seal between piston rings and cylinder walls

 

 Cleaning - Cleans As it circulates through the engine, the oil picks up metal particles and carbon,

and brings them back down to the pan.

 

 Absorb shock - When heavy loads are imposed on the bearings, the oil helps to cushion the load

 

 Cooling. - Cools Picks up heat when moving through the engine and then drops into the cooler oil pan, giving up some of this heat.

 

 

 

 

Types Lubrication System:

 Petrol system

 Splash system

 Pressure system

 Dry-sump system

 

Oil change:

 Every 5000Km for four wheeler , Every 2000 Km in two wheeler Ignoring regular oil change intervals will shorten engine life and performance.

 

All internal combustion engines are equipped with an internal lubricating system. Without lubrication, an engine quickly overheats and its working parts seize due to excessive friction. All moving parts must be adequately lubricated to assure maximum wear and long engine life.

 

petrol Lubrication;

The functions of an engine lubrication system are as follows: Reduces friction and wear between moving parts. Helps transfer heat and cool engine parts. Cleans the inside of the engine by removing contaminants (metal, dirt, plastic, rubber, and other particles).

Absorbs shocks between moving parts to quiet engine operation and increase engine life. The properties of engine oil and the design of modern engines allow the lubrication system to accomplish these functions.

 

Types of Lubrication Systems;

 

Now that you are familiar with the lubricating system components, you are ready to study the different systems that circulate oil through the engine. The systems used to circulate oil are known as splash, combination splash force feed, force feed, and full force-feed.

 

Splash Systems

The splash system is no longer used in automotive engines. It is widely used in small four- cycle engines for lawn mowers, outboard marine operation, and so on. In the splash lubricating system, oil is splashed up from the oil pan or oil trays in the lower part of the crankcase.

 

 

The oil is thrown upward as droplets or fine mist and provides adequate lubrication to valve mechanisms, piston pins, cylinder walls, and piston rings. In the engine, dippers on the connecting-rod bearing caps enter the oil pan with each crankshaft revolution to produce the oil splash.

 

A passage is drilled in each connecting rod from the dipper to the bearing to ensure lubrication. This system is too uncertain for automotive applications. One reason is that the level of oil in the crankcase will vary greatly the amount of lubrication received by the engine. A high level results in excess lubrication and oil consumption and a slightly low level results in inadequate lubrication and failure of the engine.

 

Combination Splash and Force Feed

In a combination splash and force feed, oil is delivered to some parts by means of splashing and other parts through oil passages under pressure from the oil pump. The oil from the pump enters the oil galleries. From the oil galleries, it flows to the main bearings and camshaft bearings.

The main bearings have oil-feed holes or grooves that feed oil into drilled passages in the crankshaft. The oil flows through these passages to the connecting rod bearings. From there, on some engines, it flows through holes drilled in the connecting rods to the piston-pin bearings. Cylinder walls are lubricated by splashing oil thrown off from the connecting-rod bearings.

Some engines use small troughs under each connecting rod that are kept full by small nozzles which deliver oil under pressure from the oil pump. These oil nozzles deliver an increasingly heavy stream as speed increases. At very high speeds these oil streams are powerful enough to strike the dippers directly. This causes a much heavier splash so that adequate lubrication of the pistons and the connecting-rod bearings is provided at higher speeds. If a combination system is used on an overhead valve engine, the upper valve train is lubricated by pressure from the pump.

 

Full pressure  lubrication

A somewhat more complete pressurization of lubrication is achieved in the force-feed lubrication system. Oil is forced by the oil pump from the crankcase to the main bearings and the camshaft bearings. Unlike the combination system the connecting-rod bearings are also fed oil under pressure from the pump. Oil passages are drilled in the crankshaft to lead oil to the connecting-rodbearings.

 

The passages deliver oil from the main bearing journals to the rod bearing journals. In some engines, these opening are holes that line up once for every crankshaft revolution. In other engines, there are annular grooves in the main bearings through which oil can feed constantly into the hole in the crankshaft. The pressurized oil that lubricates the connecting- rod bearings goes on to lubricate the pistons and walls by squirting out through strategically drilled holes. This lubrication system is used in virtually all engines that are equipped with semi floating piston pins.

 

Full pressure

In a full force-feed lubrication system, the main bearings, rod bearings, camshaft bearings, and the complete valve mechanism are lubricated by oil under pressure. In addition, the full force-