DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

 Dynamometer A dynamometer, or dyno, is a force measuring device. Different scientists invented different dynamometers. George Graham and John Desagulier invented the Graham-Desaguliers Dynamometer in 1719. It measures the moment of force, torque or power generated by a motor or engine or other prime movers that rotates. It also measures a machine’s power and torque, such as a pump, using driving or motoring dynamometers. Passive or absorptive dynamometers are constructed to drive, and those that can both drive and absorb are called active or universal dynamometers.  What is a dynamometer? A dynamometer consists of the following parts: An absorption unit measures torque and speed of rotations. The absorption unit contains a type of rotor. The rotor is attached to the engine, and it rotates at a specific speed needed. A breaking torque is also developed; it can be hydraulic, frictional, electromagnetic, or according to the absorption unit’s type. The dyno housing is the outer cover of t

  Computational engineering is a field that leverages computational techniques and tools to solve complex engineering problems. It integrates principles from engineering, computer science, and applied mathematics to model, analyze, and optimize systems and processes. Key aspects include: 1. Simulation: Creating computer models of physical systems to predict their behavior under various conditions. This involves solving complex mathematical equations that describe the system’s dynamics, such as fluid flow, structural mechanics, or thermal processes. 2. **Numerical Methods**: Developing and applying algorithms to approximate solutions to mathematical problems that cannot be solved analytically. Common methods include finite element analysis (FEA), computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and finite difference methods. 3. **Optimization**: Using computational techniques to find the best possible solution to a problem, such as minimizing costs or maximizing performance, subject to constraints.

Torque measurement using  Stroboscope Method Principle of Stroboscope Method When a shaft is connected between a driving engine and driven load, a twist (angular displacement) occurs on the shaft between its ends. This angle of twist is measured and calibrated in terms of torque. Construction of Stroboscope Method The main parts of the mechanical torsion meter are as follows: A shaft which has two drums and two flanges mounted on its ends as shown in the diagram. One drum carries a pointer and other drum has a torque calibrated scale. A stroboscope is used to take readings on a rotating shaft. Operation of Stroboscope Method: One end of the shaft of the torsion meter is connected to the driving engine and its other end to the driven load. An angle of twist is experienced by the shaft along its length between the two flanges which is proportional to the torque applied to the shaft. A measure of this angle of twist becomes a measure of torque when calibrated. The angular twist caused is

 Computer Aided Inspection Using Robots Robots can be used to carry out inspection or testing operation for mechanical dimension physical characteristics and product performance. Checking robot, programmable robot, and co-ordinate robot are some of the types given to a multi axis measuring machines. These machines automatically perform all the basic routines of a CNC co ordinate measuring machine but at a faster rate than that of CMM. They are not as accurate as p as CMM but they can check up to accuracies of 5micrometers. The co-ordinate robot can take successive readings at high speed and evaluate the results using a computer graphics based real time statistical analysis system. Integration of CAD/CAM with Inspection System       A product is designed, manufactured and inspected in one automatic process. One of the critical factors is in manufacturing equality assurance. The co-ordinate measuring machine assists in the equality assurance function. The productivity can be improved by

 MEASUREMENT OF FORCE The mechanical quantity which changes or tends to change the motion or shape of a body to which it is applied is called force. Force is a basic engineering parameter, the measurement of which can be done in many ways as follows: Direct methods Indirect methods Direct methods It involves a direct comparison with a known gravitational force on a standard mass, say by a balance. Indirect methods It involves the measurement of effect of force on a body, such as acceleration of a body of known mass subjected to force. Devices to measure Force ·        Scale and balances a.     Equal arm balance b.    Unequal arm balance c.     Pendulum scale ·        Elastic force meter (Proving ring) ·        Load cells a.     Strain gauge load cell b.    Hydraulic load cell c.        Pneumatic load cell Scale and balances a.  Equal arm balance An equal arm balance works on the principle of moment comparison. The beam of the equal arm balance is in equilibrium position when, Clockwise