Application of Robotic arms (NJK)

Application of Robotic arms

Robotic arms are programmable mechanical devices that mimic human arm movements for precise, repetitive tasks across industries. These versatile tools have evolved from early industrial models to advanced systems integrated with AI and sensors.

​History

The first industrial robotic arm, Unimate, debuted in 1961, invented by George Devol and commercialized by Joseph Engelberger at General Motors for die-casting tasks. Early models used hydraulic actuators, but advancements like Victor Scheinman's 1969 Stanford Arm introduced electronic controls and six axes for better precision and computer compatibility. Over decades, robotic arms incorporated sensors, machine learning, and collaborative designs, expanding from factories to diverse sectors.
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Key Components

Robotic arms consist of joints and links for movement, end effectors like grippers or welders for task execution, actuators to drive motion, sensors for feedback, and controllers as the processing brain. These elements enable real-time adjustments, ensuring high accuracy in dynamic environments. Programming integrates hardware and software for tasks like assembly or surgery.
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Types

  • Cartesian Robots: Linear motion along X, Y, Z axes for straightforward tasks.​

  • SCARA Robots: High-speed, precise for pick-and-place operations.​

  • Articulated Robots: Multi-jointed like human arms, offering flexibility.​

  • Delta Robots: Fast and accurate for packaging and assembly.​

  • Collaborative (Cobots): Safe for human-robot teamwork.​

Industrial Applications

Robotic arms excel in manufacturing for welding, assembly, and painting, boosting productivity in automotive and electronics sectors. In material handling, they manage heavy loads in logistics, food processing, and warehousing with minimal errors. Quality control uses vision systems for defect detection in PCBs and aerospace parts.
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Medical and Other Uses

In healthcare, arms assist in minimally invasive surgeries, lab automation for drug screening, and bioprinting for tissue repair with sub-30μm accuracy. Emerging fields include agriculture for harvesting, entertainment for effects, and hazardous environments like nuclear plants. Education leverages them for robotics training in polytechnics.


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